Bachelors in Nursing

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Factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral drugs Use among adolescents living with hiv at china-uganda Friendship hospital-naguru, kampala.
(Clarke International University, 2024-03) Nakaggwa winfred
Use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the central measure for viral load suppression and prevention of opportunistic infections among adolescents living with HIV. However, in Uganda, ART adherence among adolescents is at 67.4% which falls below the 95% WHO target. The purpose of the study was to determine the factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral drug use among adolescents living with HIV at China-Uganda Friendship hospital-Naguru, Kampala District. A cross sectional descriptive study design employed quantitative collection methods. A sample size of 368 respondents was selected using a convenience sampling method. Using a researcher administered questionnaire, data was obtained and analyzed using statistical package for social scientists (SPSS version 20) for presentation in form of tables and graphs. Findings of the study revealed that 44.8% were under care of a single parent, 69.3% had not disclosed their status, 40.8% mentioned that non – adherence has no effect on them, 51.9% felt stigmatized and 48.1% reported that religious leaders‘ teachings were unbothered about ART, 62.5% were living in a distance of >5 kilometers, 73.1% reported that health workers had varying moods, 81.2% said that the operating time of the ART clinic was not convenient and 78% complained of long waiting time at the facility. The study concluded that adolescents were non – adherent to the recommended use of ART due to individual and health facility related factors. Therefore, health workers and caretakers should offer extensive counselling on adherence and improvement in delivery of ART services are necessary so as to enhance adherence
Factors influencing post - operative pain management among nurses at china – uganda friendship hospital –naguru kampala district
(Clarke International University, 2023-12) Merry yebio asgede
Background: Post-operative pain (POP) is a form of acute pain due to surgery that results from tissue injury during the surgical procedure. Globally, the prevalence of post-operative pain represents above 50% in the first 24 hours after surgery and above 30% in the next 24 hours after surgery. In addition, a study by 32% of post-operative patients are dissatisfied with their pain control which has been attributed to a shortage of analgesics. Study Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine the nurse-related, practice- related, and health facility factors influencing post-operative pain management among nurses working on the post-operative wards at China – Uganda Friendship Hospital – Naguru Kampala District in December 2023. Methods: The study used a descriptive cross–sectional study design to study 32 nurses at Naguru General Hospital. A purposive sampling method was used to select study participants and data was collected using semi–structured questionnaires. Data analysis was done using a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) which is presented in tables, graphs, and pie charts. Results: The study findings revealed that only 28.1% of the respondents were adequately efficient in managing post-operative pain. Nurse–related factors had a significant positive relationship with post-operative pain management namely: nursing qualification (0.031) and the perception that sleeping patients do not experience pain (0.046). The health facility- related factors significantly associated were: the unavailability of pain assessment assisting tools at the unit (0.003), inadequate analgesics (0.004), and absence of supervision (0.023). There was no significant relationship between practice-related factors and post-operative pain management. Recommendations: The Ministry of Health through the National Medical stores should supply adequate analgesics needed to attain effective pain management; staffing at the hospital should be increased to provide an adequate workforce; Naguru Hospital management should offer support supervision and there should be regular refresher training to improve the nurses’ skills. regarding post-operative pain management.
Knowledge and attitude towards vasectomy among married Men in barapwo ward, lira city.
(Clarke International University, 2024-03) Chemutai jovia
Introduction Vasectomy is a permanent contraceptive method available for men with high success rates yet underutilized globally including in Uganda. The utilization of vasectomy in Uganda rarely exceeds 0.1% despite numerous efforts to increase contraceptive uptake. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitude of married men towards vasectomy in Barapwo Ward, Lira city. Methodology A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out amongst 302 married men selected by simple random sampling. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to assess knowledge and attitudes of respondents. Data was analysed using Stata version 14 software. Results The level of utilization of vasectomy was 0.3% and the proportion of respondents who were willing to undergo vasectomy in future was 19.8%. Majority of the respondents (59.1%) had heard of vasectomy and most of them heard about it from health workers (37.8%). Most of them (69.9%) correctly knew that vasectomy is a permanent family planning method. Majority (41.4%) strongly agreed that men should not involve themselves on family planning while 22.5% agreed with only 8.0% disagreeing. Likewise, majority (50.3%) strongly agreed that permanent sterilization should only be for females while 18.9% were neutral. Further, Respondents who had attained college/university education, whose wives had attained secondary level of education, who were unemployed, who had not heard about vasectomy, who incorrectly answered that vasectomy is effective days later after operation and immediately after were less likely to undergo vasectomy Conclusion In conclusion, Vasectomy is underutilized in Uganda with knowledge gaps and negative attitudes that negatively impact utilization of the method. Recommendation There is urgent need to create awareness about vasectomy to improve on knowledge and subsequently realize attitude change towards vasectomy.
Effects of covid-19 lockdown on the well-being of adolescents In masindi municipal council, central division
(Clarke International University, 2024-03) Frances caningom
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown measures significantly impacted socially and economically on the well-being of adolescents globally, nationally and locally. In Uganda and specifically in Masindi Municipal Council (MMC), there was increased rates of anxiety, depression, and stress among adolescents due to restricted social interactions and uncertainties. This necessitated a study which aimed at exploring the effects of covid19 lockdown on the well-being of adolescents in MMC, Masindi District. Methodology: A cross sectional study design with quantitative methods of data collection and analysis was used. A sample size of 384 respondents used, selected by simple random sampling. Data collected using self-administered questionnaires and analyzed by cross- tabulation between variables using SPSS version 26 data analysis software, at three steps; univariate, bivariate and multivariate. Results: Out of the 384 adolescents majority 256 (67%) had poor living while the minority 128 (33%) had good wellbeing during Covid-19 lockdown. Demographic characteristics associated with wellbeing included; being a female adolescent (AOR: 0.25, P=0.002), residing in rural areas (AOR: 2.6, P=0.039), being part-time worker (AOR: 0.23, P=0.024) and unemployed (AOR: 0.04, P=0.001). Social effects included; unawareness of adolescent early marriages (AOR: 5.2, P=0.041), having recreational opportunities (AOR: 4.0, P=0.015), parental inaccessibility to work (AOR: 0.06, P=0.001), insufficient food (AOR: 8.4, P=0.001). Inaccessible medical care services (AOR: 5.99, P=0.001), lack coping mechanism support to social effects of COVID-19 lockdown (AOR: 9.08, P=0.001). Economic effects included; family experienced constant income (AOR: 9.6, P=0.001), adolescents who received less economic support (AOR: 78.8, P=0.001) and who felt economically insecure (AOR: 2.9, P=0.031). Conclusion: Due to social and economic effects of covid19 lockdown, majority of adolescents wellbeing were compromised. Recommendations: Government should strengthen strategic framework for Emergency Preparedness for appropriate, timely and effective response to adolescents wellbeing especially in lockdowns.
The prevalence of hypertension and associated factors among Patients with diabetes mellitus at kiruddu referral hospital.
(Clarke International University, 2023-02) Matovu nayiga margaret
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM), is a highly prevalent non-communicable disease and one of the fastest growing global health emergencies of the 21 st Century. Hypertension (HTN) may precede the onset of DM and these often coexist, which increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among diabetics. Studies indicate that Hypertension is twice as frequent in patients with diabetes compared to the non-diabetic individuals. Methods: A descriptive hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 246 patients with diabetes seeking routine medical care at the Diabetic Clinic of Kiruddu Referral Hospital using a quantitative approach to determine the prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among patients with diabetes. Results: The coexistence of hypertension was reported among one hundred thirteen participants (45.9%). At multivariate analysis, using logistic regression model, the factors that remained significant were: Age (AOR=12.468, 95% CI: 4.298 – 36.171), Obesity category (AOR=2.630, 95% CI: 0.324 – 5.308), and having ever smoked (AOR=0.028, 95% CI: 0.006 – 0.179). Conclusion: These findings demonstrate a high prevalence of hypertension, the prevalence of hypertension among patients with diabetes has been extensively studied in other African countries ranging between 44.2% to 80% (Akalu&Belsti, 2020; Al-Azzam et al., 2021; Alanazi et al., 2017; Bassi et al., 2018; Mariye et al., 2019; Mohamed et al., 2021), among diabetics with an overwhelming risk are the elderly of 60 years and above, those with obesity and patients that had a history of smoking. Recommendations Recommendations to patients Diabetic patients are encouraged to regularly screen for hypertension for timely diagnosis and close monitoring of the comorbidity especially among the elderly.
Factors influencing self-management of diabetes type II Among patients attending gombe general hospital
(Clarke International University, 2024-03) Nakasujja annet kirumira
Background: Patients diagnosed with Type II Diabetes often play a crucial role in monitoring and controlling their condition through various ways including lifestyle modifications and medication adherence. This self-management of Type II Diabetes is a complex and multifaceted process often influenced by various factors that result in negative outcomes. This study therefore sought to determine the factors influencing self-management of Diabetes type II among patients attending Gombe General Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was employed among patients aged 40 to 65 years old attending the diabetic clinic at Gombe General Hospital. The structured questionnaire was administered, data was collected and entered in EPI-INFO 2020 software, and was cleaned and analyzed using STATA version 15.0 and Excel. Binary logistic regression was done to examine the factors independently associated with self-management of Diabetes type II among patients attending Gombe General Hospital. The chi-square test was done to determine the level of association between the economic, knowledge, and health- related factors associated with self-management of Diabetes type II among patients attending Gombe General Hospital. Results: The study revealed the level of compliance to self-management of diabetes type II among patients attending Gombe General Hospital was 32.3%. the significantly associated factors were found to be: being a male patient (AOR: 2.50; 95%CI: 1.119-5.851; p = 0.026), having an income above 500,000 (AOR: 11.02; 95%CI: 1.038-116.942; p = 0.046), having tertiary and secondary education levels (AOR: 2.41, 95%CI: 0.062-4.345; P<0.001) and (AOR:1.17;95%CI: 0.053-0.524; P=0.002) respectively. In addition, patients with knowledge about the cause of diabetes were (AOR: 3.39; 95%CI: 0.164-0.922; p = 0.032), those with knowledge about the screening of diabetes (AOR: 3.43; 95%CI: 1.437-8.188; p = 0.005), Patients with access to the health facility within 5 km (AOR: 6.79; 95%CI: 1.166-39.633; p = 0.033) and lastly, patients who could communicate critical information with the doctors (AOR: 3.15;95%CI: 0.035-0.66; p = 0.012) were the factors independently associated with self-management of Diabetes type II among patients. Recommendations: There is a need for gender-specific interventions in diabetes management, equitable resource access, and financial assistance programs to support low- income patients in obtaining essential medications and healthcare services. Additionally, comprehensive educational initiatives are essential for enhancing health literacy and promoting awareness about diabetes causes and screenings to empower patients to make informed health decisions
Perceptions And Socio-Demographic Determinants Of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Among Males Seeking Health Care At Muwanga Health Center Iii, Kiboga District, Uganda
(Clarke International University, 2024-03) Johnson Kyabanawandi
Introduction: Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) was rolled out as a strategy to combat the HIV/AIDS scourge. It involves willingly taking up circumcision for those who for one reason or the other have not been circumcised. There is a low uptake of VMMC among most men in different communities where Kiboga District is among. This attracted the researcher to carry out a study to assess the perceptions of males seeking healthcare at Muwanga Health Center III in Kiboga District, Uganda, regarding VMMC. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design with quantitative methods of data collection and analysis was used. A sample size of 349 respondents who were males seeking health care at Muwanga Health Center III selected by simple random sampling was used. Data was collected using researcher self-administered questionnaires. Results: Out of 349 respondents, the majority 305 (87%) had ever heard of VMMC but 84 (24%) were circumcised. Statistically significant socio-demographic factors included, age (χ 2 =18.06, P=0.001), religion (χ 2 =66.22, P=0.001), residence (χ 2 =6.43, P=0.011), education level (χ 2 =16.05, P=0.003) and level of monthly income (χ 2 =60.18, P=0.001). Significant perceptions included; general perception of VMMC (χ 2 =50.98, P=0.001), Belief that VMMC could improve personal hygiene and cleanliness (χ 2 =4.99 P=0.025), Opinion, that VMMC protects against HIV or other STIs (χ 2 =9.49, P=0.023), a belief that undergoing VMMC could enhance an individual's sexual desirability (χ 2 =23.14, P=0.001), concerns or fears, about VMMC (χ 2 =11.64, P=0.008), In cases respondents hadn’t undergone VMMC, factors, would encourage one to consider it in the future (χ 2 =11.15, P=0.011), Thoughts about how VMMC should be more actively promoted and encouraged within the community or country (χ 2 =12.25, P=0.007) and Overall recommendation for VMMC to other males (χ 2 =10.61, P=0.005). Multivariate analysis indicated; having College/University (AOR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.01-0.93, P=0.044), earning between 400,001 and 800,000/= par month (AOR: 2.09, 95% CI: 2.09-14.29, P=0,001), generally having a negative perception towards VMMC (AOR: 0.04, 95% CI: 0.003-0.51, P=0.014), not being sure that VMMC could enhance an individual's sexual desirability (AOR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.011-0.26, P=0.001), a belief that VMMC has an Impact on sexual sensation or pleasure (AOR: 9.43, 95% CI: 1.72-51.82, P=0.010), a belief to some extent that VMMC should be more actively promoted and encouraged within community or country (AOR: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.007-0.53, P=0.011), not being very likely to recommend VMMC to other males (AOR: 95% CI: 0.003-0.69, P=0.027). Conclusion: The low uptake of VMMC was associated with relative education, low income, negative perception towards VMMC, not being sure that VMMC could enhance an individual's sexual desirability, a belief that VMMC negatively impacted sexual sensation or pleasure, believing that VMMC shouldn’t be more actively promoted and encouraged within community or country and unwillingness to recommend VMMC to other males Recommendations: The government through the Ministry of Health should give routine health education to men about VMMC so that they know its benefits and the service should be free of charge in all healthcare facilities. Men who have undergone VMMC and have enjoyed the health benefits should also encourage other men to take up the service.
Prevalence And Factors Associated With Teenage Pregnancy Among Mothers Attending Antenatal Care Clinic At Ntwetwe Health Centre Iv In Kyankwanzi.
(Clarke International University, 2024-03) Nangonzi Ruth
Introduction: Available statistics show that in Uganda, the prevalence of teenage pregnancy is estimated to be as high as 25.9% (Wasswa et al., 2021a). the situation is worse in Kyankwanzi. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with teenage pregnancy among mothers attending ANC at Ntwetwe HC IV, in Kyankwanzi District. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design with both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection and analysis was used. A sample size of 304 respondents who were mothers was selected by multistage cluster and systematic sampling was used. Data was collected using questionnaires and key informant interviews. Results: Out of the 304 mothers that participated in the study, the majority 213 (70%) had never had teenage pregnancy while 91 (30%) had ever experienced it. Teenage pregnancy was associated with: Age (χ2= 293.000, P=0.000), age at First pregnancy (χ2= 26.962, P=0.000) and whom the pregnant mother stayed with (marital status) (χ2= 22.819, p=0.000), Age at first sexual intercourse (χ2 = 12.384, p=0.006); Family planning method used (χ2= 15.913, p=0.003); Source of Family planning information (χ2= 13.404, p=0.020); as well as the source of family planning services (χ2= 23.397, p=0.001 at the α-level of 5%. Others factors were lack of planning for pregnancy (χ2 = 17.171, p=0.000); need for support (χ2= 18.540, p=0.000) and cultural orientation for girls to become mothers at an early age (χ2= 19.288, p=0.000). Conclusions: A third of the mothers had ever had teenage pregnancy. The study established that the factors significantly associated with teenage pregnancies among the study population were: Age of the mother, age at first pregnancy and whom the pregnant mother stayed with (marital status) as well as age at first sexual intercourse, Source of Family planning information, the method used and the source of family planning services. Unplanned pregnancy; need for support and cultural orientation for girls to become mothers at an early age were the other factors. Recommendations: The researcher suggests that: government ensures all health facilities have adequate infrastructure and skilled health workers for adolescent healthcare; health workers should ensure privacy and confidentiality for teenagers; should carry out outreaches in communities to sensitise teenage girls about the risk of pregnancy at an early age and should give comprehensive information on sexuality education to teenagers. Furthermore, teenagers should be supported to delay sex or use contraception to protect them from unplanned pregnancies.
Compliance And Factors Influencing Routine Immunization Of Under-Fives As Per Schedule At Kawaala Hc Iv, Kampala District.
(Clarke International University, 2024-03) Nakiganda Faridah
Introduction: Childhood immunization is one of the most important public health interventions that have proved to reduce child morbidity and mortality. However, although children receive immunization free of charge, the immunization status in Uganda has not been adequate and yet reaching all children with full immunization services as per schedule, is critical to meeting Uganda‟s commitment to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Study Objective: This study sought to determine the compliance and the factors influencing routine immunization among the under- fives as per schedule at Kawaala HC IV, Kampala district in December 2023. Methods: A descriptive research design was used to study 174 caretakers and 5 key informants who were selected using a simple-random sampling technique and a purposeful sampling technique respectively. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and key informant interview guide and analyzed using STATA version 18 statistical software. Qualitative data was analyzed manually using thematic analysis to develop themes and codes. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to identify the compliance and factors influencing compliance with childhood immunization as per schedule. The results were presented in form of tables and figures. Results: The findings revealed that there was a 78.7% overall compliance to the routine immunization as per schedule at Kawaala Health Centre IV with only 37 caretakers found non-compliant as per the age of their children. However, there was 100% compliance at birth and at 6 weeks with decreasing compliance to the subsequent immunizations. The factors that were found to be statistically significant with compliance at multivariate analysis included the child‟s age with a P value of 0.000 (AOR =73.017, 95% CI: 10.629 – 501.610), child‟s birth order p value of 0.042* (AOR =3.219, 95% CI: 1.042 – 9.948),caretaker‟s education level with a P value of 0.025 (AOR = 45.125, 95% CI: 1.632 – 1247.818), and perceived availability of health workers at the immunization clinic with a P value of 0.022 (AOR = 0.210, 95% CI: 0.055 – 0.798). Recommendations: Kawaala HC IV administration should ensure an adequate staffing capacity that aligns with the clientele demand and design streamlined workflows within the immunization clinic to minimize caretakers‟ waiting times. In addition, health workers should improve the training and educating of caretakers on compliance to the routine immunization schedule and increase on community outreaches or else the noble objective of immunizing for the health and well-being of the younger population through free national wide immunization programs remains at stake
Knowledge, Attitude, And Practices Toward Pain Management Among Nurses Of Gombe General Hospital – Butambala District.
(Clarke International University, 2023-11) Nakabazzi Joyce
Introduction: On a global scale, numerous nurses working in general practice exhibit a lack of knowledge regarding fundamental principles of pain management. This knowledge gap extends to the attitudes that nurses hold towards pain and its evaluation. This attracted the researcher to carry out a study on specific objectives that included; assessing knowledge, attitude & practices toward pain management among Nurses of Gombe General Hospital Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design with qualitative methods of data collection and analysis was used. A sample size of 133 respondents who were nurses selected by simple random sampling was used. Data was collected using questionnaires. Results: Nurses’ knowledge towards pain management; majority agreed that; 126 (95%) had any formal training on pain assessment and management, 80 (60%) had informal, 93 (70%) received palliative care training, morphine has a dose ceiling (86; 65%), give opioid analgesics in case the cause of pain isn’t known (110, 83%), an optimum pain relief isn’t achieved with a single dose of an anticonvulsant (96; 72%), morphine administered intravenously had a time peak effect of 10-15 minutes and effect duration of 2-4 hours (80; 60%). Morphine administered orally had a time peak effect of 3 hours and an effect duration of 12-18 hours (54 (41%). Abrupt withdrawal of opioid analgesics has fatal effects, chronic pain has effects such as decreased appetite, and sleep disturbances (89; 67%). Thought assessing pain is very important before management 117 (88%), manage pain on a fixed schedule 109 (82%) and 94 (71%) give opioid analgesics intravenously to patients in deep pain. Nurses’ attitude that the majority; 106 (80%) never agreed with patients’ self-report of pain all the time, 91 (68%) using a pain assessment tool is extremely important, 102 (77%) encouraged patients to withstand pain as much as possible, 117 (88%) nurses depend on caregivers to assess the pain of children. Also, 112 (84%) patients’ spiritual beliefs determine their response to pain, 80 (60%) narcotic (tranquilizer) and opioid addiction lead to impaired control over drug use, compulsive use, continued use despite harm, and craving, 55 (41%) pain is best judged by patients themselves, 47 (35%) much pain would attract patient to ask for more pain medication and 53 (40%) believed every patient should be assessed independently based on cultural influences. However some nurses never believed; 89 (67%) that if a patient’s thoughts are distracted from pain, they usually do not suffer from severe pain, 110 (83%) that patients who have a history of substance abuse shouldn’t be given opioids and 109 (82%) old patients were unable to put up with opioids analgesics for pain relief. Nurses’ practice towards pain management were; majority 74 (56%) used pain assessment tools to evaluate patients’ pain where 33 (45%) occasionally used a pain assessment tool, 84 (63%) documented pain outcomes whereas 48 (36%) did it once every shift (two hours) and 90 (68%) never discussed pain during nurse’s report, 77 (58%) adjusted the first dose of opioid, according to specific patient’s response, 102 (77%) administered water for injection as a test for pain intensity, 96 (72%) intravenously gave opioid analgesics to patients with severe pain of abrupt onset and 113 (85%) gave 30mg of IV Morphine administered for 4 hours. Conclusion: Nurses had good knowledge and practices on pain management among nurses but had negative attitudes towards pain management. Recommendations: There is a need for intensive continuous on-the-job training and reminders for pain management in work areas, and the hospital administration should provide adequate resource materials.
Knowledge And Attitude Towards Vasectomy Among Married Men In Barapwo Ward, Lira City.
(Clarke International University, 2024-03) Chemutai Jovia
Introduction Vasectomy is a permanent contraceptive method available for men with high success rates yet underutilized globally including in Uganda. The utilization of vasectomy in Uganda rarely exceeds 0.1% despite numerous efforts to increase contraceptive uptake. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitude of married men towards vasectomy in Barapwo Ward, Lira city. Methodology A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out amongst 302 married men selected by simple random sampling. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to assess knowledge and attitudes of respondents. Data was analysed using Stata version 14 software. Results The level of utilization of vasectomy was 0.3% and the proportion of respondents who were willing to undergo vasectomy in future was 19.8%. Majority of the respondents (59.1%) had heard of vasectomy and most of them heard about it from health workers (37.8%). Most of them (69.9%) correctly knew that vasectomy is a permanent family planning method. Majority (41.4%) strongly agreed that men should not involve themselves on family planning while 22.5% agreed with only 8.0% disagreeing. Likewise, majority (50.3%) strongly agreed that permanent sterilization should only be for females while 18.9% were neutral. Further, Respondents who had attained college/university education, whose wives had attained secondary level of education, who were unemployed, who had not heard about vasectomy, who incorrectly answered that vasectomy is effective days later after operation and immediately after were less likely to undergo vasectomy Conclusion In conclusion, Vasectomy is underutilized in Uganda with knowledge gaps and negative attitudes that negatively impact utilization of the method. Recommendation There is urgent need to create awareness about vasectomy to improve on knowledge and subsequently realize attitude change towards vasectomy.
Factors Associated With Early Sexual Debut Among Teenage Girls Attending Naguru Teenage Centre.
(CIU, 2024) Feven Tesfay Mehari
The purpose of the study was to assess the factors associated with early sexual debut among teenage girls at Naguru Teenage Center. Objectives included to determine the prevalence, establish the demographic, and environmental factors associated with early sexual debut. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 300 teenage girls using systematic random sampling. A structured questionnaire gathered primary data, analyzing early sexual debut's prevalence and potential predictor variables. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, including univariate and multivariate logistic regression, were employed to assess the association. Significance was determined at a 95% confidence interval and p-value < 0.05. The study found a 35% prevalence of early sexual debut among teenage girls. Those aged 17- 20, Christians, and attending vocational schools were predominant. Girls in the 17-20 age group were twice as likely to engage in sexual activities (OR=2.62, 95%CI: 0.730–4.515). Factors significantly associated with early sexual debut included attending public schools, religious affiliation (OR=4.051, 95%CI: 1.799–6.3031), school location (OR=2.217, 95%CI:0.065–0.751), family structure (OR=13.64, 95%CI: 1.253–148.542), and primary caregiver (OR=3.870, 95%CI: 2.03–7.41). In conclusion, the study at Naguru Teenage Center revealed a concerning 35% prevalence of early sexual debut among teenage girls. The 17-20 age group, attending vocational schools, and having specific demographic factors, such as religious affiliation, school type, location, family structure, and primary caregiver, were significantly associated with early sexual debut. Recommendations include implementing tailored sex education programs for the 17-20 age group, especially those in vocational schools, and prioritizing awareness campaigns involving religious institutions and community leaders. Support for girls in public schools is recommended, along with counseling services addressing family structure and primary caregiver dynamics. Further research is advised to uncover root causes and develop more precise strategies for preventing early sexual debut and enhancing the well-being of teenage girls in this context.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICES TOWARD COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING AMONG MOTHERS OF CHILDREN AGED 6-24 MONTHS AT KASANGATI HEALTH CENTRE IV
(CIU, 2022) NAMUBIRU RUTH
World Health Organization notes that complementary feeding should be initiated at six months of age and should be timely, adequate, and appropriate. It is, however, observed that most caretakers hardly fulfill those requirements which leads to malnutrition. Methodology: The study used a cross-sectional research design that employed both qualitative methods for data collection and analysis. A sample size of 374 respondents who were mothers and caretakers of children between 6 and 24 months was selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data was collected using a researcher-administered questionnaire and focus group discussions. Results: Quantitative results indicated that goof CF practices were influenced by getting information about CF from TBAs (AOR: 2945.5, P=0.001), thinking that CF should start after 6 months (AOR: 0.03, P=0.027), giving children CFs twice a day CF (AOR: 15.9, P=0.016), thinking that CFs help a child to become fat (AOR: 25.8, P=0.005), thinking that CFs help the child gain energy (AOR: 0.02, P=0.001), thinking that children should be fed on dairy products (AOR: 0.14, P=0.031), feeding children on foods rich in fat/Oils (AOR: 53.85, P=0.011), awareness that continuation of breastfeeding after 6 months is important in CF (AOR: 99.93, P=0.001), strongest disagreement that malnutrition is caused by witchcraft and evil eye (AOR: 19.85, P=0.026), disagreement that children shouldn‟t be fed during illness (AOR: 0.02, P=0.001), a disagreement that feeding bottles are the best option for feeding children who have refused to breastfeed (AOR: 78.97, P=0.003). Qualitative data results showed that respondents had fair knowledge, poor attitude, and poor practices towards complementary feeding. Conclusion: The study concludes that Respondents had fair knowledge, poor attitude, and poor practices toward complementary feeding. The researcher recommends that mothers receive routine health education about complementary feeding
Wellbeing Of Informal Caregivers Of Cancer Patients At Uganda Cancer InstituteWellbeing Of Informal Caregivers Of Cancer Patients At Uganda Cancer Institute
(Clarke International University., 2021-11) Kobusingye, AnneMary
Background: Informal caregivers of cancer patients play a key role and provide essential support to cancer patients along the illness trajectory. However, this might put a big burden on the lives and wellbeing of these caregivers. Objectives: This study was conducted among informal caregivers of cancer patients at Uganda Cancer Institute to explore their wellbeing as they take care of their relatives suffering from cancer. Methods: A total of twenty informal caregivers participated in the study. Data was collected through in-depth interviews (eight) and focused group discussions (one for male and the other for female caregivers, each having six participants). Results: Six sub themes emerged from the analysis of data: ―negative wellbeing‖, ―activities of daily living‖, ―treatment support‖, ―financial constraints‖, ―fears and concerns‖ and ―self- rejuvenation‖. The sub themes emerged from ten categories of: ―full time job‖, ―challenging role‖, ―patient feeding‖, ―patient bathing‖, ―medicine giving‖, ―lost employment‖, ―inability to purchase medicine‖, ―patient might die‖, ―spiritual renewal‖, and ―keeping busy‖. Conclusion: Informal caregivers of cancer patients at UCI experience negative wellbeing, attributable to the care giving job being a full-time job and being a challenging role, and also because of financial constraints as well as the fear that the patient might die. However, they cope by listening nourishing message and music. Recommendations: Government and the Uganda Cancer Institute should consider improving the wellbeing of informal caregivers of cancer patients for example through extending to them financial and emotion support activities.
Factors Influencing Timely Antenatal Care Clinic Visits Among Pregnant Mothers IN Mukono General Hospital, Mukono District
(Clarke International University., 2021-12) Nabatanzi, Edith
Background: Antenatal Care (ANC) is a complex set of activities aimed at reducing maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality which is achieved by decreasing the likelihood that a pregnant woman will experience serious complications during pregnancy labour and peurperium by improving the maternal death and pre-labor fetal outcomes of women with complications. Purpose: This study will serve the purpose of identifying the factors associated with first antenatal care visits during the first trimester. This will assist health workers at Mukono general hospital to come up with appropriate health education programs about the importance of early attendance of ANC services. Objectives: To determine the proportion of pregnant mothers who visited antenatal care clinic timely in Mukono general hospital, to identify the socio-demographic factors influencing timely antenatal care clinic visit among pregnant mothers in Mukono general hospital, to establish the maternal factors influencing timely antenatal care clinic visit among pregnant mothers in Mukono general hospital. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study was used to collect quantitative data on timely ANC visits and associated factors simultaneously at a point in time. A cross sectional study design was also cheap, quick data and easy to apply which allowed the researcher to complete data collection in time. Consecutive sampling was used to select eligible participants. All pregnant women who attended ANC clinic at Mukono general hospital during the period of data collection were identified daily and asked to participate in the study consecutively until the required sample size was obtained. Results: Results revealed that about four in every ten of the pregnant mothers initiated their first ANC visit within the first trimester at Mukono general hospital. It was also revealed that education level higher than informal education was associated with late ANC visit. Conclusion: Results revealed that timely initiation of ANC visits among mothers seeking ANC services at Mukono General Hospital was low. Late ANC visit was associated with having formal level of education, being a housewife, lack of planning for the current pregnancy and 14 failure to conduct pregnancy test while early ANC clinic visit was associated with professionals, peasants, residing in semi urban and urban settings. Recommendations: To improve the proportion of mothers initiating ANC timely, this study recommends the strengthening of income-generating opportunities for women. Also, because pregnancy planning was associated with lower chances of early ANC timing, the study recommends a follow-on study to examine the reason for this observation. Finally, since pregnancy testing is associated with early ANC timely, the MOH could adopt communication messages regarding visiting a health facility within a week of a missed menstruation period for mothers.
Prevalence And Factors Associated With Cleft Lip And Palate Infants’ Failure To Thrive After Nutritional Rehabilitation At Corsu Rehabilitation Hospital Entebbe.
(Clarke International University., 2022-02) Namugerwa, Christine
Background; Cleft palate and/or cleft lip (CP+/-L) are among the most common congenital anomalies, with an incidence of 1/1000 live births globally and 0.73/1000 live births in Uganda. Study objectives: the main objective was to assess the prevalence and associated factors in CLP infants‟ failure to thrive after nutritional rehabilitation at CoRSU hospital Wakiso district with specific objectives being caregiver, infant and health facility factors associated with failure to thrive. Methods: The researcher used an analytical cross sectional study design employing both qualitative and quantitative data collections approaches. Frequency distribution of the variables was presented using percentage, chi-square test was used to assess the level of association at 95% level of confidence, and the results were triangulated using qualitative findings. Results: The study found that the prevalence of CLP infants‟ failure to thrive was very high (95%) among infants after nutrition rehabilitation. However, higher prevalence was observed among infants whose caregivers were housewives (57.1%), low and middle monthly income earners (85.8%), those who were rural residents, (57.1%), children who had had infections (p=0.023) and, those able to feed with bottles (97.6%). Conclusions: A relatively close association was observed between caregiver factors and failure to thrive among CLP infants invarying proportions whereby caregivers‟ knowledge on feeding, poor attitudes towards feeding CLP infants, had higher proportions; while being a housewife and having low level of income; and residence in rural areas were other barriers. Infant factors associated with CLP infant‟s failure to thrive were absence of suckling and bottle-feeding ability, having oropharyngeal dysphagia and having recurring infections. Recommendations: CoRSU management to include family counselling, income generating activities and home visits or free telephone contacts for caregivers into their interventions; should avail recordings of the health information in the local languages. Min of Healthshould establish nutrition rehabilitation units in all the regional referral hospitals. Early assessment and prompt treatment of infection should continue to be priority.
Factors Influencing The Utilization Of Reproductive Health Services Among Adolescents (14-19Years) In Maddu Subcounty: Gomba District
(Clarke International University., 2022-03) Namakula, Harriet
Introduction: It is important to note that adolescents and the youths form the backbone of economic development of any country their health is a worthwhile investment for the growth and development, yet they are highly vulnerable to conditions and issues which are reproductive health in nature and they are preventable, yet little is done. This attracted the researcher to carry out a study which was guided by specific objectives that included; determining the level of utilization of the Reproductive Health Services among adolescents aged 14-19 years in Maddu Sub County, identifying demographic, socio- economic and health facility system factors affecting the utilization of the Reproductive Health Services among adolescents aged 14-19 years in Maddu Sub County. Methodology: The study used a cross sectional research design that employed quantitative methods for data collection and analysis. A sample size of 382 respondents who were adolescents was selected using simple random sampling technique. Data was collected using a questionnaire. Results: Findings indicated that out of the 382 respondents, a few 118 (31%) utilized Reproductive Health Services. Social demographic factors were; primary education (AOR=63.24, 95% CI: 5.83-685.41, P=0.001), secondary education (AOR=38.40, 95% CI: 7.01-210.38, P=0.001), tertiary education (AOR=7.45, 95% CI: 1.70-32.71, P=0.008), widows (AOR=0.04 95% CI: 0.01-0.39, P=0.005) and being in school (AOR=99.81, 95% CI: 0.06-0.63, P=0.006). Social economic factors; never felt stigmatized to seek RHS (AOR=23.16, 95% CI: 3.37-159.18, P=0.001), found accessing RHS unaffordable (AOR=0.11, 95% CI: 0.04-0.27, P=0.001) and not staying with their parents (AOR=13.88, 95% CI: 4.24-45.43, P=0.001). Health system factors included not having received information on RHS on a routine basis (AOR=30.36, 95% CI: 5.51-167.41, P=0.001) and not having mobile and flexible RHS in the area were less likely to utilize RHS (AOR=0.018, 95% CI:0.003-0.096, P=0.001). Conclusion: There was low utilization of Reproductive Health Services where a third of the adolescents utilized them. Utilization of RHS was associated with having low levels of education, being in single and being in school, not feeling stigmatized to seek RHS, afford ability to RHS in terms of costs and distance to the facility and not staying with parents, having received information on RHS on a routine basis and having mobile and flexible RHS in the area were less likely to utilize RHS.
Malaria Prevalence And Associated Factors Among Children Below The Age Five Years Attending Nakaloke Health Center Iii In Nakaloke Town Council, Mbale District
(International Health Sciences University, 2018-05) Kituyi, Irene Rose
Introduction: It is noted globally over 95 countries and territories have on going malaria transmission with an estimated 3.2 billion people who are at risk of getting infected. The WHO indicates that 214 million people are infected with malaria worldwide and of these 438,000cases result in deaths. Children below five years are the most susceptible to malaria illness which accounts for estimated deaths of 303,000 before reaching age five globally and 292,000 occur in the African region (WHO world malaria report 2016). Objective: To determining the prevalence of malaria and the associated risk factors among children below 5 years in Nakaloke HC III, Nakaloke town council in Mbale district. Methodology: The study was a quantitative and cross section survey which involved a sample size of 243 care takers of 243 children below the age of five who attended Nakaloke HCIII. A convenient sampling method allowed data to be collected about malaria prevalence and the associated factors simultaneously in the months of August and September 2017. Results: The prevalence of malaria was high 118(48.6%) and the factors that were significant with malaria prevalence included; house hold source of light (x 2 = 8.560, P=0.036), care taker knowledge of signs and symptoms (loss of appetite) x 2 =4.023, P=0.045) and environmental factor about presence of garbage heaps (x 2 =4.322, P=0.038). Conclusion: Prevalence of malaria was high and it was influenced by house hold source of light, knowledge and signs and symptoms of malaria and garbage heaps around the homes. Recommendations: This study recommended that caretakers should not stop at having knowledge about malaria prevention transmission, but should have a positive attitude on the implement of the preventive measures. Health unit workers, community health workers and VHTs together with stakeholders should put in more effort to ensure that information about malaria is communicated to the caretakers in languages best under stood and should mainly target the vulnerable households in the community. The town council authorities and local leaders need to work with community to ensure proper garbage disposal. The Town council health team has to liaise with the district health team to strengthen the health system on prevention and control of malaria through sustainable messages like posters on malaria, TV messages and programs on malaria. Lobby for electricity in all the households of the town council.
Factors Associated With Initiation Of Complementary Feeds Among Infants Aged 6 To 24 Months In Ggogonya Village, Nsambya Parish, Makindye Division, Kampala District
(International Health Sciences University, 2018-12) Namukasa, Mary Juliet
Introduction: In Uganda, it was estimated that 63% of mothers initiate complementary feeding before six months and most of these are in urban areas leading to about 2.3 million young children to be chronically malnourished. In addition, 16% of children under 5 are underweight while 6% are wasted, and 12% of women are malnourished (UDHS, 2016). This attracted the researcher to carry out a study about the factors associated with initiation of complementary feeds among infants aged 6 to 24 months in Ggogonya Village, Nsambya Parish, Makindye Division, Kampala District. The specific objectives included; to assess the prevalence of initiation of complementary feeds to assess the demographic, social economic and knowledge level factors associated with initiation of complementary feeds among infants aged 6 months to 24 months. Methodology: The study employed a descriptive and cross sectional research design based on quantitative method of data collection. A sample size of 398 respondents who were caretakers of infants aged 6 months to 24 months was used and were selected by systematic and simple random sampling. Data was collected using researcher-administered questionnaires. Results: Prevalence of in appropriate initiation of complementary feeds was high at 270 (67.8%). Demographic factors were significantly associated with initiation of complementary feeds among infants included; age (χ 2 =36.41, P=0.000), birth order of this child (χ 2 =10.16, P=0.038), place of delivery (χ 2 =6.13, P=0.047), gender of the respondent (χ 2 =5.79, P=0.016), age of the respondent (χ 2 =21.24, P=0.000), marital status of the respondent (χ 2 =9.22, P=0.027) and Number of children who currently lived in the household (χ 2 =10.17, P=0.017). Social-economic factors included; being employed (χ 2 =5.34, P=0.021). Knowledge level included; time of initiation of complementary feeds (χ 2 =8.48, P=0.014), Importance of initiation of CF in case a child wants to eat (χ 2 =7.24, P=0.007), knowledge about any danger in starting complementary feeds early (χ 2 =4.47, P=0.034), aware of any danger of late CF (χ 2 =4.87, P=0.027), importance of feeding a child on vitamin A foods (χ 2 =16.69, P=0.002), washed hands washing (χ 2 =7.75, P=0.005), time children’s utensils were washed (χ 2 =6.44, P=0.040), Used soap to wash the utensils of the child (χ 2 =16.42, P=0.001), washing of child’s utensils (χ 2 =21.67, P=0.000), storage of child’s utensils (χ 2 =12.07, P=0.001), Mode of feeding the child (χ 2 =9.78, P=0.021). Conclusion: Initiation of complementary feeds was poor mainly due to inadequate knowledge about complementary feeds and poor hygiene in preparation and serving of foods and utensils Recommendations: Health-care workers should health educate caretakers about complementary feeds especially on the importance of initiation of complementary feeds at the right time even if the child wants to eat and caretakers should always maintain good hygiene of foods and utensils
Determinants Of Patient Satisfaction With Health Care Services At Out Patient Department Of Gulu Regional Referral Hospital
(International Health Sciences University, 2017-11) Piloya, Sarah
Introduction: The main purpose of the study is to assess the determinants of patient satisfaction with health care services at outpatient department of Gulu Regional Referral Hospital The World Health Organization (2015) defines patient satisfaction as the interlinking relationship between perceived needs, patient expectations and experiences. Patient satisfaction, defined as patients‟ subjective feelings or evaluation of medical staff, their technical skills, environment, and all other healthcare services (Onwujekwe et al., 2010). Patient satisfaction is believed to be an important indicator of the quality of health and hospital services. With specific objective, To determine the level of patient satisfaction with health care service delivery at OPD clinics of GRRH. To determine the physical environment factors associated with patient satisfaction with health care service delivery at OPD clinics of GRRH. To examine the health worker factors associated with patient satisfaction with health care service delivery at OPD clinics of GRRH. To identify the hospital administration related factors associated with patient satisfaction with health care service delivery at OPD clinics of GRRH Method used: A descriptive and cross sectional study design that relied on quantitative methods of data collection. Cross sectional design was chosen because data on patients‟ satisfaction on OPD services was collected at one point in time due to the time constraint. Descriptive study design was suitable for giving a detailed view of the associations between variables and therefore informs decisions for further research. Results: Despite the fact that majority 194 (65.5%) of the respondents were females, 153 (51.7%) were between 18 to 25 years, 142 (47.9%) were singles, 139 (46.9%) had primary as their high level of education. The major form of occupation to most respondents was self employment and 102 (34.5%) had work experience below 5 years. It was found out that, 210 (71.0%) of the respondents were not satisfied with the health care services while 86 (29%) were satisfied with the health care services given. Also it was found out that most 117 (56%) of the respondents were most unsatisfied with the health workers while the least pressing problem was language barrier. And Where patients sleep and the presence of dustbins were the only physical and environmental factors that were not statistically significant, with p-values of 0.321 and 0.066 respectively All but except one of the health workers factors were statistically significant as per table of health worker associated factors. All the health facility factors had statistically significant relationship with patient satisfaction with health care service delivery. Conclusion: The level of satisfaction was 29% level of satisfaction, it was found out that, majority of the respondents were not satisfied with the health care services where they were mostly unsatisfied with the services of the health care providers. This implied that there was low satisfaction with the health care services due to a number of factors. The study assessed the patient related, health care worker related and health facility related factors associated with patient satisfaction with health care service delivery at OPD clinics of GRRH. The physical environment factors that were found to have a significant relationship with patients‟ satisfaction include; getting a seat whenever they visited the hospital, cleanliness of the hospital and availability of dustbins at the hospital. The health workers factors that were significantly associated with patients‟ satisfaction were; giving of enough information about illness, availability of health workers and having enough time with the health workers and attention to explain the problem The health facility of payment for health care services; availability of counseling services in the hospital, time of operative hours of the day and privacy(P=0.05) were significant associated with patients satisfaction

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